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Новое исследование: Грибы, уменьшают зависимость от удобрений

Новое исследование: Грибы, уменьшают зависимость от удобрений

Микоризные грибы в будущем могут обеспечить продовольственную безопасность. К такому выводу ученые пришли после проведенного исследования. Английские ученые предположили, что решение проблемы чрезмерного применения удобрений фермерами может лежать прямо у нас под ногами.
Исследователи из Университета Лидса в Англии (University of Leeds in England) обнаружили, что почвенные грибы могут поставлять значительное количество фосфора и азота зерновым культурам, таким как пшеница. Ученые говорят, что это может потенциально снизить зависимость от удобрений, которые наносят вред окружающей среде, способствуют изменению климата и угрожают продовольственной безопасности в будущем.

В своем исследовании, опубликованном в Global Change Biology, исследователи провели эксперименты с использованием пшеницы и микоризы. Давно известно, что грибы имеют симбиотические отношения с растениями, но новое исследование показывает, что пшеница получает больше фосфора из почвы через грибы.
Источник: pixabay.com/photos/mushroom-moss-mini-mushroom-278

Источник: pixabay.com/photos/mushroom-moss-mini-mushroom-278


«Действительно захватывающее открытие состоит в том, что нам удалось показать, как у разных сортов отличаются способности, и как некоторые из них могут получать намного больше питательных веществ от своих грибковых партнеров, чем другие», - говорит ведущий исследователь, профессор Университета Лидс Кэти Филд (Katie Field). «Это говорит о том, что эта способность получать питательные вещества из гриба – черта, которую мы можем оптимизировать и использовать для различных культур, а это означает, что в будущем может потребоваться меньше удобрений».

Филд говорит, что грибы не являются панацеей для повышения продуктивности сельскохозяйственных культур, но они могут стать ценным инструментом, помогающим преодолеть нынешнюю чрезмерную зависимость от удобрений.

Прежде, чем фермеры действительно смогут заменить удобрения грибами, потребуются новые исследования. Профессор Филд говорит, что годы селекционного отбора по признакам устойчивость к болезням, непреднамеренно повредили способность злаков формировать партнерские отношения с почвенными грибами. Задача будущих исследователей будет заключаться в том, чтобы выяснить, каким образом можно эту связь восстановить.

Тем временем, Филд рекомендует фермерам начать применять методы управления почвой, которые способствуют сохранению биоразнообразия, сократить количество фунгицидов, способствовать размножению дождевых червей.
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