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Как производят коньяк? Сила и выдержка

Как производят коньяк? Сила и выдержка

Коньяк – особенный вид алкоголя, любимый многими за его приятный вкус. Коньяк предпочитают пить в спокойной обстановке из особых бокалов-снифтеров после вкусного ужина: коньяк – это тот случай, когда обстановка очень важна. У французов – первооткрывателей коньяка – есть особое «трех C»: Cafe, Cognac, Cigare. Сначала они выпивают чашечку хорошего кофе, потом наслаждаются коньяком, а в самом конце выкуривают сигару.
Источник: 41.media.tumblr.com/c4a5d0ef172343eb82b716c4c531f7

Источник: 41.media.tumblr.com/c4a5d0ef172343eb82b716c4c531f7

Но, впрочем, и без кофе коньяк и сигара составляют изысканный дуэт.

Первым шагом на пути к открытию чудесного напитка стало изобретение перегонного аппарата французскими виноделами. Идея перегонять вино в спирт пришла к ним в XVII веке, когда арабы уже давным-давно использовали точно такое же устройство для производства духов и косметики.

Виноделы отправляли винный спирт по морю и активно торговали им с другими странами, и особенно прославился в этом деле винный город Коньяк, в отличие от слабоалкогольных и кислых напитков винный спирт легко преодолевал расстояния и после долгого плавания в дубовых бочках приобретал неповторимый вкус.

Сами французы узнали об этом свойстве во время длительной войны с Англией, когда на винных складах залежались бочки со спиртом, предназначенные для англичан. Когда и открыли, оказалось, что бесцветный спирт с резким, часто неприятным ароматом превратился со временем в благоухающий напиток с мягким гармоничным вкусом. С тех пор торговцы стали намеренно выдерживать напиток в бочках длительное время и смешивать различные компоненты для улучшения вкуса напитка.

Считается, что двойную дистилляцию вина придумал Жак де ля Круа Марон. Однажды этот доблестный рыцарь и талантливый винодел застал свою жену с любовником – и убил обоих. Душу его стали мучить кошмары, и дьявол приходил к нему во снах. Одной из жутких ночей дьявол сказал, что тело рыцаря дважды сварят в кипятке, чтобы извлечь душу. Жак по-своему истолковал вещий сон и дважды перегнал свое вино, при этом отделив у продукта перегонки «голову» и «хвост» – начальную и конечную фракции спирта. Так рыцарь получил «душу» вина - коньячный спирт.

Некоторые, правда, утверждают, что Жак был алхимиком и стремился из вина получить золото, - но разве коньяк не большая драгоценность?

Постоянный спрос на коньяк, высокая доходность, транспортабельность, улучшение свойств со временем – все это побуждало винодельческие фирмы разных стран создавать свое коньячное производство. Коньяк получил огромную популярность практически во всем мире.
Источник: 40.media.tumblr.com/183453a135649e7ecc84d52750e9e6

Источник: 40.media.tumblr.com/183453a135649e7ecc84d52750e9e6

Бочки с коньяком нельзя хранить в одном помещении с другими спиртами, и виноделы всегда очень строго соблюдают это правило.

Сегодня для производства коньяка используется виноград сорта Ugni Blanc, кислый и урожайный. Собранный виноград сразу подается на особые прессы, которые должны только слегка раздавливать ягоды, но не отжимать их насухо.
Категорически запрещено применение винтовых прессов непрерывного действия. Брожение полученного сока происходит без применения сахара. Сбраживание сока происходит приблизительно в течении 3–4 недель после сбора винограда. Его кислотность при этом снижается, оно становится более мягким и тонким по вкусу. Тем не менее вино, которое будет поступать на дистилляцию, очень сухое (в среднем менее 1 грамма сахара на литр), содержит много кислоты и мало спирта (не более 8-9% по объему). Такое вино называется Blanc de Blanc.

Перегонка осуществляется в медном перегонном кубе. Он состоит из подогреваемого на огне экстракционного котла, колпака котла в форме луковицы и изогнутой трубки, которая трансформируется в змеевик, проходящий через охладитель. Перегоняют вино два раза: Сначала получают спирт-сырец, а потом уже более качественный коньячный спирт. Оба раза от «головы» и «хвоста» дистиллята избавляются. Следующий важный этап — выдержка коньяка. Считают, что она является решающим фактором для достижения напитком высшей степени качества. Древесный бочки, в которых выдерживается коньяк, пористые, и спирт потихоньку испаряется: за год выдержки испаряется примерно 0,5% спирта.
Чем дольше выдержка коньяка, тем темнее его цвет и меньше крепость.

После выдержки коньяк купажируют – смешивают различные коньячные спирты, добавляют настой дубовой стружки и карамель, если это считается нужным, и переливают в узнаваемые стеклянные бутыли.
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