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Ученые вывели новый сорт помидоров

Ученые вывели новый сорт помидоров

Несмотря на то, что изначально помидоры считали ядовитыми, сегодня – они одни из самых востребованных овощей во всем мире. Томаты можно купить в магазинах круглый год, их выращивают в теплицах, однако яркого вкуса и аромата в зимних овощах нет. Улучшить вкус и аромат помидоров черри, а также увеличить их урожайность в городских условиях взялась команда ученых. Они разработали сорт, который созревает за 40 дней и растет огромными «букетами».
Для выращивания помидоров требуется довольно большая площадь, а в настоящее время наблюдается деградация пахотных земель (в результате изменения климата или деятельности человека, приведшей к обеднению и эрозии почвы). По мнению ученых, решить проблему можно при помощи городского сельского хозяйства.

До сих пор на вертикальных городских фермах можно было выращивать ограниченное количество культур, в основном зелень. В надежде получить возможность выращивать в условиях города помидоры, ученые «поработали» над тремя генами. Первые два гена, известные как SP (SELF PRUNING) и SP5G, отвечают за рост и производительность. Однако изменение этих генов привело к снижению урожайности томатов и устранению характерного аромата.

«Когда вы играете с созреванием растений, вы играете со всей системой», - говорит соавтор исследования Зак Липпман (Zach Lippman), биолог из Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Прорыв произошел, когда Липпман и его коллеги идентифицировали третий ген – SIER, контролирующий длину стеблей растений. По словам исследователей, чтобы «отключить» все три гена, они использовали инструмент редактирования генов CRISP. Это привело к уменьшению длины стеблей и появлению компактного «букета» из плодов помидоров черри.

Однако помидоры не просто собрались в пучки, срок их созревания сократился до 40 дней. Подобная плодовитость также является одним из преимуществ выращивания данного сорта в условиях городских хозяйств. Кроме того, по мнению исследователей, этот сорт также подойдет для выращивания в труднодоступных районах и в условиях космоса.

Исследователи сосредоточились на генетической «настройке» помидоров, однако, по их словам, аналогичную стратегию можно применить и к другим растениям. Возможно в будущем мы также увидим растущие пучками огурцы и киви.
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