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Исследование показало, что космическая зелень также полезна, как

Исследование показало, что космическая зелень также полезна, как и земная

Исследование показало, что выращенные на борту МКС листовые овощи также полезны, как и выращенные на Земле. Теперь астронавты, совершающие длительные полеты, например, на Марс, смогут наслаждаться вкусом свежей зелени, которую вырастят сами.
В результатах исследования американских ученых, опубликованных в Frontiers in Plant Science, говорится, что выращенный в космосе салат-латук, безопасен для употребления в пищу и столь же питателен, как и земная зелень.

«Это было очень вкусно. Не было в нем ничего необычного, удивительного или странного», - говорит Джоя Д. Масса (Gioia D. Massa), специалист по растениям из Космического центра НАСА имени Кеннеди во Флориде.
В настоящее время большая часть пищи, употребляемой астронавтами на МКС готовится на Земле и отправляется в космос в пакетах. Свежие продукты отправляются редко, на грузовых ракетах, однако здесь речь идет о расстоянии, не слишком удаленном от Земли. Отправлять свежую зелень при полетах на более длительный срок и расстояние, например, на Марс, время которого займет до трех лет, не представляется возможным. Запасы придется делать заранее, то есть еда может пролежать около пяти лет, прежде чем будет съедена астронавтами. К тому времени многие питательные элементы в пище будут утеряны, что приведет к негативным последствиям для здоровья людей, включая потерю веса, мышечной массы, повреждению сердечно-сосудистой системы. Именно поэтому космическое агентство и ученые всего мира пытаются решить проблему выращивания свежей зелени и других продуктов на борту космических кораблей.

На самом деле космонавты уже получали урожаи зелени в космосе, однако полученного количества было недостаточно для проведения полноценного исследования и получения объективных результатов. А у ученых было подозрение, что выращенные в космосе растения не содержат достаточного количества антиоксидантов и фенольных соединений. К счастью, все опасения оказались напрасными.

В ходе исследования ученые также провели анализ ДНК, чтобы определить, какие микробы живут в растениях и вокруг них. Результаты также оказались обнадеживающими. Микробы, по разнообразию, были схожи с теми, что живут на Земле, а патогенных микроорганизмов выявлено и вовсе не было.

«Это тщательное исследование безопасности культур, выращиваемых в космосе, помогут нам прокормить людей вдали от планеты Земля», - говорит Брюс Багби (Bruce Bugbee), профессор физиологии экологических растений в Университете штата Юта.

В прошлом месяце НАСА отобрало пять исследовательских проектов для разработки более совершенных систем выращивания растений в космосе. Они должны будут представить систему с большим количеством датчиков и элементов управления для полива водой и питательными веществами.

После того, как ученые придумают как без проблем и в большом объеме выращивать зелень и помидоры в космосе, перед ними встанет другая задача, решить проблему утилизации отходов.
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